Smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with arterial endothelial dysfunction, a key event in atherosclerosis. Previous observations have suggested that smoking-related endothelial dysfunction is dose-related and potentially reversible after withdrawal from smoking. To our knowledge, no data are available regarding potential improvement of arterial endothelial function in the first weeks of smoking cessation. This time frame is especially important because due to smoke-free policies in healthcare facilities, all smokers requiring surgery are abstinent from tobacco for at least some period of time.
Varenicline, a partial agonist at α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetyl-choline (nAChR) receptors, received FDA approval as a novel medication for helping cigarette smokers to stop smoking. Given the anticipated common use of varenicline, it is important to define if the drug alters endothelial function and/or autonomic effects. Based on the lesser potency of varenicline (compared to nicotine) at nAChR receptors in peripheral ganglia and on endothelial cells of blood vessels, it may be hypothesized that varenicline has less or no influence on autonomic control of blood pressure and heart rate, and less or no influence on endothelial function.
Therefore, the aims of this study are 1) to determine the effects of short-term smoking cessation on endothelial function and autonomic regulation, and 2) to determine if these effects will be altered during treatment with varenicline.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Regular smokers (currently >10 cigarettes/day; >5 pack years)
- Willing to quit smoking for at least the duration of the study
- Able and willing to give written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Known condition causing endothelial dysfunction except smoking (i.e. diabetes, hyperlipi¬demia, arterial hypertension, obesity)
- Regular drug treatment and/or sporadic consumption of drugs within the last 4 weeks (exclusion has to be decided in each individual)
- Acute or chronic illness
- Participation in clinical trial within 1 month before the study
- Excessive daily intake of alcohol (>2 servings per day) or caffeine (>4 servings/day)
- Drug and/or alcohol abuse.
Participation in the study will involve a screen visit, a 15 day outpatient treatment phase, which includes 2 individual visits 2 weeks apart, and a third visit in the middle of the treatment phase. All 4 visits are in the Clinical Research Unit at St. Marys Hospital.
The study ends on December 2008. You will be in the study for about 3weeks.
Last updated: 02/21/2012
NCT ID: NCT00673595
IRB Number:06-007194
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