The aim of this study is to provide pilot data on the possible gastrointestinal predictors of respiratory hyper-responsiveness and how these relate to the clinical sub-types of GERD and visceral acid hypersensitivity.
Inclusion Criteria:
- symptomatic reflux(ie one symptom at least one day a week, with at least 'moderate' severity)
- no evidence of esophagitis
- non-smokers
Exclusion Criteria:
- previous gastrointestinal surgery (excluding minor surgeries, such as cholecystectomy, appendectomy
- active peptic ulcer disease
- Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
- Barrett's esophagus
- eosinophilic esophagitis
- cardiac disease
- diabetes or neurological deficit
- use of tricyclics
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- narcotics or benzodiazepines
- current use of medications that may affect symptoms of perception,lower esophageal sphincter basal pressure, acid clearance time or acid suppression
- antibiotics within 60 days
- Nursing mothers will be excluded
- allergies to citrus
- asthma
- chronic lung disease
- heart attack or stroke within the last three months
- hypersensitivity to methacholine products
- know aortic aneurysm
- uncontrolled hypertension (defined as systolic pressure greater than 200 or diastolic greater than 100)
- reduced pulmonary function test (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] or the FEV1 to forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC] ratio of less that 70% of predicted value)
- None of the controls will have any GERD symptoms or ever used antireflux treatment.
Last updated: 01/24/2013